1 INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with high fasting glucose being the third most important metabolic risk factor for CVD mortality in both females and males.1 Previous studies have shown that the association between diabetes and several CVD outcomes is stronger in females than in males.2-4 However, since these studies were observational, potential biases such as residual or unmeasured confounding...