Dogancan Dorucu

Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical known to cause testicular toxicity through oxidative stress and apoptosis. Panax ginseng (PG) is a natural product with anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of PG against BPA-induced testicular damage in rats. Thirty-two Wistar Albino rats aged 10–12 weeks were divided into four groups: Control, PG, BPA, and BPA + PG. BPA (50 mg/kg/day) and PG (100 mg/kg/day) were orally administered for 6 weeks.

1 Introduction Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is the most common pathological cause of hydronephrosis in infants and children [1]. It results in impaired urine drainage into the ureter leading to hydronephrosis. Obstructive state of the UPJ can precipitate a wide range of complications, including flank pain, stone formation, pyelonephritis, and diminished renal function.