Dung-Ying Lin

1.4 Summary Transportation infrastructure development has been recognized as an effective way to reduce the system-level travel cost. However, in real-world planning, transport authorities should be cautious about the potential deterioration of system performance caused by facility construction because of the Braess paradox.

With the growth in global trade and its environmental footprint, sustainable modes of freight movement are increasingly important in today’s globalized world. This study focuses on on-dock rail, where the rail terminal is located within the marine container terminal. On-dock rail has in recent years become an essential mode of transportation to move containers out of congested marine container terminals.

Introduction Highway pollution from traffic emissions is a serious environmental and health problem. Research has indicated that highway traffic emissions account for 37% of the PM2.5 pollution in Taiwan.(1) As such, people living or working near busy roadways are exposed to higher concentrations of air pollution.(2−5) Because of the scarcity of land, a significant number of the population live close to a highway in Taiwan. In addition, there are around 2000 highway police patrolling the highways.