E. A. Barnes

1 Introduction Despite efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and meet the climate goals of the 2015 Paris Agreement, humanity is not on track to limit warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial temperatures (Matthews & Wynes, 2022; Pihl et al., 2019). Climate intervention, or deliberate manipulation of the Earth's climate, is gaining traction as a possible method for mitigating increasing temperatures as a result of anthropogenic activity.

1 Introduction We are not on track to meet the Paris Climate Agreement goal of limiting warming to below 2°C (Pihl et al., 2019). Rising global temperatures increases the possibility of reaching tipping points in the climate system, or positive feedbacks that accelerate warming (Armstrong McKay et al., 2022; Lenton, 2012).

Highlights • A review of 83 patients, treated with high dose rate interstitial brachytherapy, at a tertiary centre in Canada. • Urethral D0.1cm3, D0.2cm3 and D0.5cm3 correlated with the development of acute and late genitourinary toxicity. • This report supports the growing evidence in favour of establishing dose constraints for the urethra in HDR brachytherapy. • Prospective trials using patient-reported outcomes are needed to validate results of this study.