To print this article, all you need is to be registered or login on Mondaq.com. Background A sense of déjà vu descended over the international data transfer landscape on July 16, 2020. In a landmark ruling, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) announced that Privacy Shield, one of the main mechanisms used by companies to transfer personal data from the EU to the United States, is invalid. This ruling stemmed from a case involving privacy activist Max Schrems and Facebook.