Eelco van Duinkerken

Submitted: 21 December 2025 You are already at the latest version obstructive sleep apnea ; precision sleep medicine ; personalized medicine ; sleep fragmentation ; sleep-stage instability ; cognitive vulnerability ; attention ; phenotyping ; endotypes This open access article is published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, which permit the free download, distribution, and reuse, provided that the author and preprint are cited in any reuse.

Abstract Aim To assess the effects of Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB)‐related changes in glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) on cerebral resting‐state functioning in obese women.

Whether, and to what extent, type 1 diabetes (T1D) affects the brains of children and adolescents has been debated for more than 30 years. Early studies found that children and adolescents with T1D were more likely to perform somewhat poorer than their healthy peers on tasks of mental efficiency that required rapid responses and sustained attention, as well as on measures of executive functioning that required problem-solving and planning (1).