On 2 January 2026, Indonesia entered what officials are calling a ‘new era’ of criminal justice. The country implemented a new Criminal Code (Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana, KUHP) and a new Criminal Procedure Code (Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Acara Pidana, KUHAP), which changed what constitutes a crime and how crimes are identified, investigated, and punished. The government says this marks a shift toward ‘restorative justice’ that prioritises rehabilitation over punishment.