Emily K. Selland

Abstract Over 140 million households cultivate rice worldwide. However, rice production contributes to exceedance of planetary boundaries, such as freshwater use and biogeochemical flows. In addition, rice-farming families may face increased risk of contracting schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease transmitted by freshwater snails that contributes to reinforcing cycles of poverty and disease.

Abstract Anthropogenic change is contributing to the rise in emerging infectious diseases, which are significantly correlated with socioeconomic, environmental and ecological factors1. Studies have shown that infectious disease risk is modified by changes to biodiversity2,3,4,5,6, climate change7,8,9,10,11, chemical pollution12,13,14, landscape transformations15,16,17,18,19,20 and species introductions21.

Sublethal permethrin exposure changes lipid profile but not infection outcomes Given that Lp does not play a direct role in survival of RES females after insecticide exposure but is upregulated by permethrin challenge, we hypothesized that this transporter could be involved in a compensatory or recovery response. It is known that permethrin can cause damaging lipid peroxidation [33], and transcripts related to lipid biosynthesis and metabolism are upregulated around 72h post exposure [55].