Emioli Randazzo

1. Introduction Excess body fat mass is associated with musculoskeletal complications and alterations of growth patterns of the limbs and trunk in children [1]. Children with obesity show accelerated skeletal maturation, are taller, and have relatively shorter legs compared to their leaner peers [2,3].

1. Introduction Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a condition strongly related to a greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus [1], is characterized by the clustering of clinical conditions including central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance [1]. MetS is considered a major health problem, and recently, it has become increasingly relevant due to the exponential worldwide increase of obesity and the linked important therapeutic challenges [1,2].

Exosomes may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity through their action as communication mediators. As we have previously demonstrated, in obese adolescents, some circulating miRNAs modified the C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) expression and were associated with changes in metabolic functions. At present no data are available on miRNA transport by exosomes in this condition.