Emma Peel

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1 Introduction As the biodiversity and climate crises deepen, infectious wildlife diseases are becoming more prevalent (El-Sayed and Kamel 2020). One of the rarest and least understood modalities of infection is contagious cancer, tumor cells that can be transmitted from one individual to another (Metzger and Goff 2016).

1 Introduction Current conservation efforts range from low-intensity species monitoring to intensive captive breeding programmes, where individuals are bred for release to the wild (e.g., see Andrew et al. 2018; Weeks et al. 2017; Tripovich et al. 2021; Wayne et al. 2015). These conservation breeding programmes aim to maintain 90% of wild-caught genetic diversity for 100 years and minimise genetic adaptation to captivity (Frankham et al. 2002).