Emre Barıs

1 Introduction Traditional root canal treatment (pulpectomy), which involves removing the entire pulp and filling the root canal with artificial materials, is a technically difficult and costly treatment that makes the tooth prone to fracture (van der Sluis et al. 2013; Wolters et al. 2017; Ahmed et al. 2023; Duncan et al. 2023). However, if preserved alive, the pulp, with its physiological capabilities (i.e., sensory, formative, defensive), is a far superior tissue to artificial fillings.

1 INTRODUCTION The initial scientific characterization of autophagy, derived from the Greek term ‘self-eating’, pertained to the transportation of cytoplasmic cargo to the lysosome for destruction.

What is known For some unexplained reasons, the osteointegration process cannot be completed and early implant loss is encountered. There are various attempts to increase implant osteointegration, and for this purpose, modifications are obtained on the implant surface with various techniques (such as hydroxyapatite coating, and acid etching).