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Articles by Eric Schulz
Machine psychology for language models
Reference #1 Abstract INTRODUCTION THEORY: EVALUATION PARADIGMS FOR UNDERSTANDING INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS PARADIGMS: THE MANY ASPECTS OF INTELLIGENT BEHAVIOR DESIGN AND ANALYSIS: GOOD BEHAVIORAL EXPERIMENTATION MACHINE PSYCHOLOGY OF INCREASINGLY CAPABLE MODELS DISCUSSION Acknowledgments REFERENCES eLetters (0) Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share This article has 0 eLetter .
A reporting checklist for large language models in behavioural science
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Large language models offer new opportunities for behavioural science, but their rapid evolution poses challenges for research rigour. We introduce a consensus-based reporting checklist to improve transparency, reproducibility and ethical accountability of large-language-model-based research in the behavioural sciences. You have full access to this article via your institution.
By Stefan Feuerriegel, Christopher Barrie, M. J. Crockett, Laura K. Globig, Killian McLoughlin, Dan-Mircea Mirea, Arthur Spirling, Diyi Yang, Tim Althoff, Maria Antoniak, Lisa P. Argyle, Ashwini Ashokkumar, Mohammad Atari, Hannah Bailey, Kevin Bauer, Umang Bhatt, Yidong Chai, Tanmoy Chakraborty Verified, Yanto Chandra, Huimin Chen, Hal Daumé III, Gianmarco De Francisci Morales, Morteza Dehghani, Danica Dillion, Johannes C. Eichstaedt, Kerstin Förster, Dominique Geissler, Kurt Gray, Thomas L. Griffiths, Hartmann Jochen, Oliver Hauser, James He, Rahul Hemrajani, Felix Holzmeister, Angel Hsing-Chi Hwang, Tiancheng Hu, Anna Ivanova, Nils Köbis, Yara Kyrychenko, Himabindu Lakkaraju, Jia Liu, Abdurahman Maarouf, Sebastian Maier, Lennart Meincke, Rada Mihalcea, Brent Mittelstadt, Saif M. Mohammad, Mor Naaman, Oded Netzer, Alice Oh, Desmond C. Ong, Francesco Pierri, Barbara Plank, Iyad Rahwan, Talal Rahwan, Pooja Rao, Claire Robertson, David Rothschild, Matthew Salganik, Eric Schulz, Chirag Shah, Yash Shrestha, Ekaterina Shutova, Alexandra Siegel, Almog Simchon, Huan Sun, Malte Toetzke, Jay Van Bavel, Michelle Vaccaro, Jennifer Vaughan, Effy Vayena, Pedro O. S. Vaz-de-Melo, Briana Vecchione, Angelina Wang, Robert West, Robb Willer, Dirk U. Wulff, Renwen Zhang, Simone Zhang, Steve Rathje, Manoel Horta Ribeiro
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Nature
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Ask a Scientist: A Data Center Was Proposed in My Town. Now What?
On the outskirts of Philadelphia, the city I call home, a recent development proposal caught my eye: a whopping 1.4 million square foot data center. That’s nearly the same square footage of Philly’s largest skyscraper. The project proposal has already secured 750 megawatts (MW) of energy from my local utility, which my back-of-the-napkin-math suggests is enough to power roughly 500,000 homes.
Ask a Scientist: Why Are Fossil Fuel Companies So Threatened by Offshore Wind?
While most of us were prepping for the holiday season by baking cookies or readying ourselves for time with family, President Trump had different plans: just days before the end of the year, he issued a broad work-stoppage order against every major offshore wind project under construction. The cost of his latest attack on the industry, especially at the onset of a particularly cold winter? Less reliable power and higher prices for families.
HCA
The Helmholtz Institute for Human-Centered AI (HCA) is an interdisciplinary research group composed of cognitive scientists, neuroscientists, and computer scientists. Together, we develop computational models of intelligence and investigate the foundations of human and machine cognition. Our work bridges disciplinary boundaries: We study human intelligence by engaging people in rich, interactive environments and analyzing their behavior using machine learning.
Ask an Expert: How Strong is the Case Against Fossil Fuel Companies for Climate Fraud?
When Hawai’i brought suit against major fossil fuel companies for their role in the climate crisis earlier this month, it was momentous on several accounts. It marked the tenth such case brought by a US state. And this suit came just days after the Trump Administration attempted to quash the state’s case “before it ever sees the light of day,” said the Hawai’i Attorney General Anne Lopez.
Mechanisms of mistrust: A Bayesian account of misinformation learning
2. Methods and results Participants in our experiments provided typed informed consent in accordance with procedures approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty and Medical Clinic at the Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen (approval number 734/2019BO1). Imagine you need to make a decision between two political options, such as deciding which policy might be better for your country.
Ask A Scientist: How Can Scientists Drive Change Through Climate Lawsuits?
As the climate crisis deepens, so does the urgency to hold fossil fuel companies accountable for decades of deception. Governments representing more than a quarter of the US population have filed lawsuits against major corporations including ExxonMobil, Chevron, Shell, and BP, seeking justice for the harm caused by their lies about the dangers of their products.
An inductive bias for slowly changing features in human reinforcement learning
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article ? This is an uncorrected proof. Citation: Hedrich NL, Schulz E, Hall-McMaster S, Schuck NW (2024) An inductive bias for slowly changing features in human reinforcement learning. PLoS Comput Biol 20(11): e1012568. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012568 Editor: Stefano Palminteri, Ecole Normale Superieure, FRANCE Received: January 21, 2024; Accepted: October 17, 2024; Published: November 25, 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Hedrich et al.
The hippocampus supports interpolation into new states during category abstraction
Abstract The hippocampus forms concepts by integrating multi-feature relations into a unified representation. A common yet unconfirmed assumption is that such cognitive maps afford interpolations to never-experienced states. We approach this question as a category-learning problem in which prototypes are omitted from training but guide category-based decisions in a subsequent feature-inference task.
An inductive bias for slowly changing features in human reinforcement learning
Abstract Identifying goal-relevant features in novel environments is a central challenge for efficient behaviour. We asked whether humans address this challenge by relying on prior knowledge about common properties of reward-predicting features. One such property is the rate of change of features, given that behaviourally relevant processes tend to change on a slower timescale than noise. Hence, we asked whether humans are biased to learn more when task-relevant features are slow rather than fast.
Using cognitive psychology to understand GPT-like models needs to extend beyond human biases | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Binz and Schulz’s (1) evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) via cognitive tasks propelled the adoption of psychological frameworks for testing LLMs’ knowledge. Binz and Schulz found that GPT3 (generative pretrained transformer-3) often responded to cognitive tasks analogously to humans, showcasing human-like biases.
A web-based interactive 3D Warehouse Monitor from standard data objects
Introduction In today’s dynamic environment, the challenges in warehouse management are constantly shifting. To remain at the forefront, innovative solutions backed by modern technologies are essential. This piece highlights the advantages of employing a 3D Warehouse Monitor in tandem with SAP S/4HANA Cloud Warehouse Management.
Developmental changes in exploration resemble stochastic optimization - Nature Human Behaviour
Abstract Human development is often described as a ‘cooling off’ process, analogous to stochastic optimization algorithms that implement a gradual reduction in randomness over time. Yet there is ambiguity in how to interpret this analogy, due to a lack of concrete empirical comparisons. Using data from n = 281 participants ages 5 to 55, we show that cooling off does not only apply to the single dimension of randomness.
Lab-grown meat has just reached a major milestone. Here’s what comes next.
That sounds like a lot, but in the grand scheme of food production, it’s very small. Large commercial meat facilities produce millions of pounds of meat each year — and that’s the kind of scale Upside is targeting for its first commercial facilities, he said. Eric Schulzvice president of global scientific and regulatory affairs at upside food, in an e-mail. Eat Just’s cultured meat subsidiary Good Meat operates two demonstration facilities, one in the US and one in Singapore.
Using cognitive psychology to understand GPT-3
Save citation to file Format: Add to My Bibliography Your saved search Name of saved search: Search terms: Frequency: Which day? Which day? Report format: Send at most: Send even when there aren't any new results Optional text in email: Create a file for external citation management software
How Assumptions Destroyed The Citrus Hill Brand
Even the world’s most successful marketing companies periodically fall into the “assumption trap” where they are confident that they know enough to sell their product without pursuing new information to challenge their assumptions. I fell in this trap only a few months into my first brand management job at Procter & Gamble. My first project was working on the fledgling Citrus Hill Orange Juice brand. The brand was struggling, a distant third in the race against Tropicana and Minute Maid.
For sake of buyers, state needs to expand salvage branding
OPINION Eric Schulz, Rosemount Published 5:00 p.m. CT Feb. 26, 2020 Today in Minnesota, if an older wrecked vehicle retains a clean title, is repaired and is put back into the resale market, potential buyers will not be alerted to the car’s accident history and they may end up with loans for much more than the vehicle is worth. This puts the finances and the safety of Minnesotans in jeopardy.
Air-sea interaction regimes in the sub-Antarctic Southern Ocean and Antarctic marginal ice zone revealed by icebreaker measurements
This study analyzed shipboard air-sea measurements acquired by the icebreaker Aurora Australis during its off-winter operation in December 2010 – May 2012. Mean conditions over 7 months (October-April) were compiled from a total of 22 ship tracks.
Shipborne observations of the radiative effect of Southern Ocean Clouds
This study uses shipborne cloud radar and surface radiation measurements collected over the Southern Ocean to characterize the cloud frequency, cloud fraction, and cloud radiative effects on the ocean surface. These cloud and radiative properties are also used to evaluate a regional forecast model. Low-level clouds, either alone or co-occurring with cloud layers aloft, are present?~?77% of the time in this dataset.
Cambrils Bike Hotspot | Reisen & Touren | BikeExchange
Ankunft in Spanien. Unser erster Tag von Destination Bike: Katalonien führte uns vom Flughafen Barcelona in das etwa 100 Kilometer entfernte Cambrils, ein kleines Städtchen in der Mitte der Costa Dorada. Kaum angekommen an unserem Hotel, wollten wir uns mit der Umgebung vertraut machen und ließen uns durch das verträumte Dorf führen und die Highlights der Gegend zeigen. Cambrils liegt neben dem beliebten Touristenort Salou und eignet sich vor allem für Urlauber, die etwas weniger Trubel suchen.
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