Eva Marita Ulvan

INTRODUCTION N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-quinone) is a prevalent contaminant of emerging concern resulting from oxidation of 6PPD, which is an antidegradant substance added to tires. Tire wear is the primary source of 6PPD-quinone in nature, typically constituting between 0.4% and –2% of the total weight of car tires (Babbit, 2010). Following the initial discovery of the acute toxic effects of 6PPD-quinone in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) by Tian et al.

1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 METHODS 3 2.1 Marine somatic growth and total energy content 3 2.2 Metabolic costs of freshwater stay before spawning 4 2.3 Total energy at spawning 6 2.4 Optimal timing of river entry 6 3 RESULTS 6 4 DISCUSSION 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT REFERENCES 1 INTRODUCTION Among the many unsolved problems in the life history of the Atlantic salmon one of the most interesting is concerned with the time at which the salmon enter the...