Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effect of neighborhood socioeconomic context on overweight or obesity (OWO) at 2 years old among very preterm-born children. Children born with GA < 33 weeks and who received follow-up care in a French regional medical network were included. Multivariable regression logistic analysis was used to evaluate the association between neighborhoods disadvantage (ecological socioeconomic disadvantage index) and OWO (BMI WHO growth charts).