Farzad Kobarfard

1 Introduction Potato chips (chips, UK crisps), as thin and crispy potato slices, are a popular snack, particularly among children and teenagers. Approximately 750,000 tons of potatoes are produced in Iran each year, of which nearly 80% are processed into products such as potato chips, resulting in an average daily consumption of 19.3 g per person per day or 7.05 kg per person per year (Schripsema and Meijer 2017).

Introduction Click to copy section linkSection link copied! Transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are fundamental tools for constructing complex molecular frameworks. (1) While palladium-based systems have traditionally dominated due to their efficacy under mild conditions and broad functional group tolerance, the rising cost and limited availability of palladium have spurred significant interest in more sustainable alternatives, particularly copper.