Fathima Sahar Faisal

1 Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) stand at the forefront of the primary cause of worldwide mortality, resulting in 17.9 million deaths each year, constituting 31% of all global fatalities (World Health Organization 2013a). The primary risk factor for CVD is hypertension (Al-Jawaldeh et al. 2021), and consuming too much sodium is proven to significantly increase the risk of both hypertension and CVD-related death (He et al. 2013).

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