Fatma Pertek Hatipoğlu

Abstract This multinational cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) study evaluated the root canal morphology of mandibular first premolars (M1Ps) from 21 countries and compared how well the Ahmed and Vertucci classification systems represented these patterns. A total of bilateral mandibular first premolars from eligible CBCT scans were assessed using both systems, and the data were analyzed with a hierarchical probabilistic approach to account for population and imaging-related variation.

Abstract Accurate detection of overhanging dental restorations on bitewing radiographs is clinically important but remains challenging due to subtle marginal discrepancies. This study aimed to develop and compare deep learning–based instance segmentation models for the automated detection and classification of overhanging restorations, with a specific focus on the relative performances of one-stage and two-stage architectures.

1 Introduction Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a persistent gastrointestinal condition characterised by the retrograde flow of gastric acid into the oesophagus, resulting in symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and thoracic discomfort [1].