Fazeelat Aziz

Abstract Business ecosystem resilience has become an important concern for policymakers and firms operating in increasingly uncertain global environments. Despite the widespread use of national resilience indices, limited research has examined how multiple macro-level institutional, social, and economic indicators jointly relate to resilience outcomes within an integrated analytical framework.

Abstract This study addresses the challenge of understanding how rule of law dimensions collectively shape the ease of doing business (EoDB) across countries. Despite the recognized importance of governance for business performance, prior research often examines rule of law factors in isolation, overlooking their interdependencies.

Abstract Sustainability is increasingly critical for universities as institutions influence environmental stewardship, social equity, and the management of economic resources. The Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) framework is a widely used tool to assess university sustainability efforts, providing insight into institutional policies, practices, and external contributions, such as alumni research and societal engagement.