Felipe Pedreros Bustos

1. Introduction Osteoarthritis is pathologically characterized by the localized loss of cartilage, remodeling of adjacent bone, and associated inflammation that may lead to severe joint damage, pain, and deterioration in quality of life. The hip and knee are among the joints most commonly affected by this disease [1]. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) are effective treatments for severe knee and hip osteoarthritis.

Abstract Temporal spiking of directional infrared and ultraviolet cooperative emission from sodium vapors excited to the $4D_{5/2}$ level with a continuous-wave resonant laser pump is analyzed. Mirrorless lasing at 2207 and 2338 nm on cascade population-inverted transitions and radiation at 330 nm generated due to four-wave mixing demonstrate a high degree of intensity correlation.

Author Affiliations Felipe Pedreros Bustos,1,* Domenico Bonaccini Calia,2 Dmitry Budker,1,3 Mauro Centrone,4 Joschua Hellemeier,5 Paul Hickson,5 Ronald Holzlöhner,2 and Simon Rochester6 1Johannes Gutenberg Universität, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany 2European Southern Observatory, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany 3Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA 4INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati, 33 00078 Monte...