FlhDc Upregulation

1 Introduction Flagella are molecular machines of motility of bacteria, and their architecture is highly conserved, encompassing components such as the cytoplasmic C-ring, basal body, rod, and exterior hook and filament structures (Chevance and Hughes 2008). Despite this conservation, bacterial species exhibit variations in the number and arrangement of flagella, known as their flagellation pattern (Schuhmacher, Thormann, et al. 2015; Kazmierczak and Hendrixson 2013).