Katherine East
Owatonna
My friends call me Kathy, I work with kids at a therapeutic horse riding farm
Articles by Katherine East
Trends and correlates of consumer beliefs about the efficacy of vaping for smoking cessation: Findings from the 2016–2024 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey
INTRODUCTION Nicotine vaping products (NVPs), commonly referred to as e-cigarettes or vapes, are now a widely used alternative to combustible tobacco, particularly among individuals seeking to quit smoking [1, 2]. The scientific evidence suggests that while not risk-free, vaping is likely to be far less harmful than smoking, but this still needs to be empirically verified when enough people have used them in the long term, either alone or following a period of regular smoking [3, 4].
Smoking-induced deprivation and subsequent smoking cessation among adults who smoke in four high-income countries: Trends, correlates and longitudinal associations, 2016–2024
INTRODUCTION Globally, more than 1.2 billion people use tobacco, with tobacco use disproportionately concentrated among socio-economically disadvantaged populations [1]. Tobacco smoking deepens social and economic inequalities and contributes to a cycle of intergenerational poverty [1, 2]. Previous research has found that smoking is associated with lower income, lower education and living in disadvantaged areas [3].
Regenerative potato production: Fry in the sky or grounded in reality?
Abstract Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production is a significant contributor to the North American economy with hundreds of billions of dollars in economic activity and job creation. However, potato production is highly vulnerable to soil degradation and other negative environmental impacts that threaten industry sustainability.
Young People, Alcohol, and Risk: A Culture of Caution. Amy Pennay, Gabriel Caluzzi, Laura Fenton, John Holmes, Michael Livingston, Jonas Raninen, and Jukka Törrönen. Routledge, 2025, ISBN: 9781032542836
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Interventions to change vaping harm perceptions and associations between harm perceptions and vaping and smoking behaviours: A systematic review
INTRODUCTION Vaping carries some risks but is less harmful than smoking [1-3]. However, misperceptions of the health harms of vaping are increasing in many countries [4-9]. In England in 2024, 85% of adults who smoked inaccurately perceived that vaping is equally or more harmful than smoking or did not know, up from 59% in 2014 [9]. In the USA in 2019, 16% of adults accurately perceived that vaping is less harmful than smoking, down from 42% in 2013 [8].
Interventions to change vaping harm perceptions and associations between harm perceptions and vaping and smoking behaviours: A systematic review
INTRODUCTION Vaping carries some risks but is less harmful than smoking [1-3]. However, misperceptions of the health harms of vaping are increasing in many countries [4-9]. In England in 2024, 85% of adults who smoked inaccurately perceived that vaping is equally or more harmful than smoking or did not know, up from 59% in 2014 [9]. In the USA in 2019, 16% of adults accurately perceived that vaping is less harmful than smoking, down from 42% in 2013 [8].
To reduce smoking harms, there is an urgent need to correct misperceptions about the risks of vaping
Despite substantial evidence that vaping exposes users to much lower levels of toxicants than smoking,[1] most adults in Britain who smoke believe vaping is equally or more harmful.[2,3] This widespread misperception is not just an issue of misinformation – it has important implications for public health. Evidence suggests it can prevent people from switching completely from smoking to vaping,[1,4,5] resulting in more disease, disability, and premature death.
England's disposable vape ban: An inadequate solution to youth vaping with potential unintended consequences
Cheap, rechargeable, analogues to popular disposable vapes are already widely available in England. A ban may protect the environment but, alone, is unlikely to substantially reduce youth vaping and may have unintended consequences. A wider package of carefully-designed measures is required to balance the need to reduce youth vaping while ensuring vapes are available for smoking cessation or reduction.
Awareness and use of short-fill e-liquids by youth in England in 2021: findings from the ITC Youth Tobacco and Vaping Survey
Awareness and use of short-fill e-liquids by youth in England in 2021: findings from the ITC Youth Tobacco and Vaping Survey Statistics from Altmetric.com Request Permissions If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.
Commentary on Conde et al.: Addressing evidence gaps on the impact of vaping among young people
Repetition of poor-quality studies assessing vaping as a ‘gateway’ into smoking among young people (aged < 30 years) may fuel vaping misconceptions and highly restrictive policies. Little is known about young peoples’ vaping for smoking prevention/cessation. Addressing this gap is critical, because the earlier someone stops smoking the better their health outcomes. In their recent article, Conde et al.
Packaging of disposable vaping products and e‐liquids in England, Canada and the United States: A content analysis
INTRODUCTION The vaping product (VP) market is extensive, varied and rapidly evolving. Disposable devices, which are closed-system products pre-filled with e-liquid, are increasingly popular in England, Canada and the United States (US), especially among youth [1-3]. Other VP types include refillable and rechargeable pod and tank devices, as well as e-liquid bottles.
Use of disposable e‐cigarettes among youth who vape in Canada, England and the United States: Repeat cross‐sectional surveys, 2017-2023
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of youth vaping has been identified as a concern in a range of countries, including Canada, England and the United States (US) [1]. Canada has among the highest prevalence, with 23.6% of grade 10 to 12 students (~14–18 years old) reporting past 30-day vaping and 11.8% reporting daily vaping in 2021/2022 [2]. In England, 7.6% of 11- to 17-year-olds vaped currently in 2023, up from 3.2% in 2021 [3].
Harm perceptions across vaping product features: An on‐line cross‐sectional survey of adults who smoke and/or vape in the United Kingdom
INTRODUCTION E-cigarettes (vaping products) typically contain nicotine, but not tobacco, and can help people to quit smoking [1-3]. While e-cigarette use (vaping) carries some risks, current evidence suggests that it is substantially less harmful than smoking [2-5]. However, public perceptions of the relative harm of vaping are often inaccurate [2, 6-10].
Use of ‘Elf Bar’ among youth and young adults who currently vape in England: cross‐sectional associations with demographics, dependence indicators and reasons for use
INTRODUCTION The vaping (e-cigarette) market in Great Britain has rapidly evolved since 2021 with the introduction of novel disposables, such as Elf Bars [1, 2]. The proportion of youth aged 11–17 years who vape disposable e-cigarettes, compared with other vaping devices, was 69% in 2023, an increase from 8% in 2021 [1]. Similar increases were observed among 18-year-olds between 2021 and 2022 [2].
Supply chain disruption as a result of war and conflict – Is your business protected? | Retail Bulletin
COMMENTARY By Katherine East, Irwin Mitchell Four years ago, global supply chains and their potential fragility were thrust into mainstream media as Covid-19 changed the world as we knew it. Less than two years later, supply chains were rocked once again when Russia invaded Ukraine.
Trends in Harm Perceptions of E-Cigarettes vs Cigarettes Among Adults Who Smoke in England, 2014-2023
Key Points Question How have harm perceptions of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) compared with combustible cigarettes changed since 2014 among adults who smoke in England? Findings This survey study of 28 393 adults who smoke found that harm perceptions of e-cigarettes have worsened substantially over the last decade, such that in 2023, most (57.0%) believed e-cigarettes to be equally (33.7%) or more (23.3%) harmful than cigarettes.
Awareness and use of short-fill e-liquids by youth in England in 2021: findings from the ITC Youth Tobacco and Vaping Survey
Measures All youth were asked about their awareness of short-fills. Responses were coded ‘aware of short-fills’, and ‘other’ (not aware, do not know). Youth who currently vaped and reported awareness of short-fills were asked if they had used short-fills in the past 30 days. Responses were coded ‘yes’ and ‘other’ (no, do not know).
Putting vapes in plain packaging ‘reduces their appeal to children’
It is the first major study of its kind looking at how vaping packaging appeals to youngsters. Research published last July found the proportion of children vaping is on the rise, with many being influenced by social media sites including TikTok. Newer, disposable e-cigarettes are increasing in popularity, in part because they cost around £5 each and come in a wide range of colours and fruity flavours.
Smoking and vaping among Canadian youth and adults in 2017 and 2019
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9083-2131Katherine A East1,2, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9909-6265Jessica L Reid1, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8197-6010David Hammond1 1 School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada 2 Department of Addictions, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK Correspondence to Dr David Hammond; dhammond{at}uwaterloo.ca Statistics from Altmetric.com Request Permissions If you wish to reuse any...
Managing Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Arid Columbia Basin Vineyards of the Pacific Northwest United States
Vineyard survey of AMF Fine roots of grapevines (V. vinifera) growing in commercial vineyards in the Columbia River basin of eastern Washington and Oregon were well-colonized by AMF (Figure 1A). Colonization by AMF ranged from 50 to 90% near the time of veraison, with an average across all 32 vineyards of 75% of fine RL colonized. Arbuscules in roots were much less prevalent, averaging only 19% of fine RL colonized (Figure 1B).
IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Do Current Smokers and Ex-Smokers Who Use Nicotine Vaping Products Daily Versus Weekly Differ on Their Reasons for Vaping? Findings from the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey | HTML
1. Introduction Combustible tobacco products, predominantly cigarettes, cause the majority of tobacco-related illnesses and deaths [1,2]. Although cigarette smoking prevalence has decreased significantly over the past several decades, globally, an estimated 1 billion people still smoke cigarettes [3]. While the benefits of quitting smoking are well-documented [4,5,6], and many nicotine-dependent smokers have tried to quit [6,7], few manage to quit successfully [4,7,8,9,10].
‘It's not what you'd term normal smoking’: a qualitative exploration of language used to describe heated tobacco product use and associated user identity
Katherine East and Charlotte N. E. Tompkins joint first authors. Funding information: Funding for the study was provided by Cancer Research UK Tobacco Advisory Group (CRUK C51836/A25751). Supplementary funding for the analyses and write-up of this paper was received from the National Cancer Institute (P01-CA200512). KE is the recipient of Fellowship funding from the UK Society for the Study of Addiction (SSA).
‘ I perceive it to be less harmful, I have no idea if it is or not: ’ a qualitative exploration of the harm perceptions of IQOS among adult users
Abstract Background Harm perceptions of tobacco and nicotine products can influence their use and could be targeted by policies to change behaviour. IQOS was introduced to the UK in 2016, and there is little independent qualitative research on IQOS harm perceptions. This study explored the perceived health harms of IQOS to users and those exposed to the emissions, what shapes these perceptions, and what participants wanted to know about the harms of IQOS.
The effectiveness of using e‐cigarettes for quitting smoking compared to other cessation methods among adults in the United Kingdom
Measures Full details of measures related to smoking, vaping and quit attempts, and how these vary across waves, are provided in . Primary outcome: Abstinent for at least one month at follow-up The primary outcome was being abstinent for smoking for at least one month at the follow-up wave. This outcome was derived from the responses to several items. At each baseline wave of the survey, respondents were asked to describe their current smoking status from several options.
Social norms as a predictor of smoking uptake among youth: a systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression of prospective cohort studies
Abstract Background and aims Social norms towards smoking are a key concept in tobacco control policy and research. However, the influence and strength of different types of social norms on youth smoking uptake is unclear. This study aimed to examine, quantify and compare evidence of the longitudinal associations between different types of social norms towards smoking and youth smoking uptake (initiation and escalation).
Southwest Michigan fruit update - April 21, 2020
A cold, windy week with several hard radiation freezes killed open flowers on blooming apricots and plums. Damage to most tree fruit crops was spotty, depending on the crop and location. Weather The first full week of April was warm with highs in the 60s and 70s. Tree fruit moved quickly and early blooming crops began to bloom. Cold, windy conditions arrived with a cold front Monday, April 13. This air mass dropped high temperatures into the 30s and 40s for most of the week.
How Low Can They Go? Plant-Parasitic Nematode Distribution in a Washington Vineyard
Katherine E. East, Michelle M. Moyer, Nicholaus M. Madden, Inga A. Zasada Catalyst: Discovery into Practice September 2019 3: 31-36; published ahead of print July 18, 2019 ; DOI: 10.5344/catalyst.2019.19001 Summary Goals: To map the distribution of two plant-parasitic nematode species, the northern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla and the dagger nematode Xiphinema spp., in a Washington State winegrape vineyard slated for replanting.
The Association Between Smoking and Electronic Cigarette Use in a Cohort of Young People
This study was the first to explore the longitudinal association between e-cigarette use and smoking initiation, and smoking and e-cigarette initiation among young people in Great Britain, and to assess the relative contribution of these associations using a causal inference approach. In the logistic regression analyses, we found evidence for a prospective association between ever e-cigarette use and smoking initiation, and between ever smoking and e-cigarette initiation.
Global prevalence of heated tobacco product use, 2015-22: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
DISCUSSION This systematic review identified 45 studies (n = 1 096 076) reporting the prevalence of HTP use between 2015 and 2022, representing 42 countries or areas from EUR, WPR, AMR and AFR. The global pooled prevalence across these studies of life-time, current and daily HTP use was 4.87, 1.53 and 0.79%, respectively.
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