Microplastics (MPs) are particles (1 μm–5 mm) that have become a widespread form of pollution in natural environments (Osman et al., 2023). Originated from primary or secondary sources, such as direct discharge and fragmentation of larger plastic utensils, respectively (Akdemir and Gedik, 2023), MPs have been detected in all environmental matrices, including air (Nizamali et al., 2023), water (Nunes et al., 2023a), sediments, biota (Nunes et al., 2023b) and soil (Surendran et al., 2023).
