Francisco Campos-Arguedas

Introduction Fluctuations and extremes in temperature, photoperiod, precipitation, and numerous other environmental variables determine the distribution and adaptation of species world-wide (Inouye, 2022). In temperate ecosystems, low temperature is considered one of the most significant factors influencing the distribution of woody perennial species, particularly near the cold edge of their distribution range (Chamberlain & Wolkovich, 2021; Körner, 2021; Qian et al., 2022).

Abstract Temperate woody perennial plants form buds during late summer that contain leaves and flowers that emerge in the following growth season. To survive winter, dormant buds must attain cold hardiness, and timely lose it in spring to break bud while avoiding damage from low temperatures and late frosts. Here, we use an untrained process-based model to predict bud cold hardiness of three grapevine varieties (V. vinifera 'Cabernet-Sauvignon' and 'Riesling', and V.