Frederick Bauer

1 Introduction Mitochondrial and nuclear genomes evolve independently, through distinct processes, often leading to conflicting genetic patterns—a phenomenon known as mitonuclear discordance. Cases of mitonuclear discordance are increasingly reported across a wide range of animal species. Recent examples can be found among mammals (Good et al. 2015; Phuong et al. 2016; Seixas et al. 2018; Fedorov et al. 2022), birds (Andersen et al. 2021; DeRaad et al. 2023), reptiles (Firneno et al.

Abstract Mitonuclear discordance-evolutionary discrepancies between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA phylogenies-can arise from various factors, including introgression, incomplete lineage sorting, recent or ancient demographic fluctuations, sex-biased dispersal asymmetries, among others.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. REFERENCES & (2011) IDeAL 2011. La infraestructura en el desarrollo integral de América Latina. Diagnóstico estratégico y propuestas para una agenda prioritaria. In: Financiamiento: retos y oportunidades. IDeAL. Caracas: CAF.