Frederick J Fell

Summary Enteric fever, a systemic infection caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A, remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries. Enteric fever is preventable through the provision of clean water and adequate sanitation and can be successfully treated with antibiotics. However, high levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) compromise the effectiveness of treatment.

Introduction Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A are human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogens that cause serious bloodstream infections, collectively termed enteric fever.1,2 Enteric fever is transmitted through contaminated water or food and is primarily a disease of low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).1 It is a major cause of febrile illness in south Asia, southeast Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa.