Giacinto Luca Pedone

1 Introduction Aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare bone marrow failure disorder characterized by a bimodal incidence with peaks in the pediatric-young adults and in the elderly > 60 years [1]. The latter patient population may be particularly frail due to comorbidities that may also impede tolerability of standard treatment. Typically, patients are treated with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporine with eltrombopag based on the results of the Phase 3 randomized controlled trial [2, 3].

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1. Introduction Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterised by the immune-mediated destruction of peripheral blood platelets in patients leading to low platelet counts and bleeding [1]. ITP affects approximately 6.4 per 100,000 people and although life-threatening bleeds are relatively rare, it can lead to catastrophic intracranial bleeding and death [2].