Gianfilippo De Astis

This review of Vulcano Island (Southern Italy) covers tectonic, volcanological and hazard features that have characterized, and still characterize, the long geological history of this active volcano. Importantly, Vulcano Island has been experiencing a phase of unrest since 2021. This work aims at synthesizing the abovementioned aspects in the broader context of geodynamic and magmatic processes that are peculiar to the island.

Abstract Open-conduit basaltic volcanoes can be characterised by sudden large explosive events (paroxysms) that interrupt normal effusive and mild explosive activity. In June-August 2019, one major explosion and two paroxysms occurred at Stromboli volcano (Italy) within only 64 days.

Analytical methods Juvenile clasts representative of 23 different eruptions were sampled at Campi Flegrei caldera and in more distal outcrops (Fig. 1 and Supplementary Materials). All samples were analyzed for bulk rock composition by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) at Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich.