Goodridge Gaines

Accurate and ongoing monitoring is crucial for understanding the implications of human impacts on ecosystems and in quantifying the effectiveness of, and optimizing, management interventions (Westgate et al. 2013, Sato et al. 2019, Lindenmayer et al. 2022). However, ecosystems respond in complex ways to multiple concurrent human pressures and their interventions, and these changes interact with natural drivers of ecosystem conditions and structure to modify ecosystems (Vaughan et al.