Greg Klinger
As seen in:
Federal Times,
Farm Progress,
Ag Update,
Farms.com,
Corn and Soybean Digest,
AgFax,
Farm Forum
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Articles by Greg Klinger
3 ways federal financial needs are unique
Greg Klinger, Government Employees' Benefit Association 16 minutes ago The value of federal benefits hinges on understanding them and making the most of them within your overall financial plan. (KATLEHO SEISA/Getty Images) There’s a lot to like about federal employment: the ability to serve the public, guaranteed income levels within specified periods of time and, as last year reminded us more than ever, unparalleled job stability.
Minnesota: What Makes Groundwater ‘Vulnerable’?
Direct connections between water running over the land surface and groundwater, although not usually as dramatic as this cave entrance, are common in karst regions. Photo: Greg Klinger, University of Minnesota Recently, in response to a previous blog post on the state’s Groundwater Protection Rule (GPR), we have been asked why groundwater in some areas of Minnesota is more vulnerable to contamination.
Minnesota: Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Restrictions Beginning Soon
Fall fertilizer application. Photo: University of Minnesota A little over a year ago, the Minnesota Agriculture Commissioner signed the Groundwater Protection Rule (GPR) with the goal of minimizing potential sources of nitrate pollution to Minnesota groundwater. One impact of this rule for farmers and agronomists is a restriction on the application of nitrogen fertilizer in the fall and on frozen soils in certain areas of the state starting September 1, 2020.
Fall nitrogen fertilizer restrictions take effect Sept. 1
A little over a year ago, the Minnesota agriculture commissioner signed the Groundwater Protection Rule into law, with the goal of minimizing potential sources of nitrate pollution to Minnesota groundwater. One impact of this rule for farmers and agronomists is a restriction on the application of nitrogen fertilizer in the fall and on frozen soils in certain areas of the state starting Sept. 1. These areas are mostly in the north-central, southeast and southwest parts of the state.
Cover Crops and Nitrogen Credits
By Greg Klinger I was recently asked how growing cover crops can impact the nitrogen credit we give to corn grown after soybeans. This credit, which is often incorrectly assumed to be based on soybean adding nitrogen to the soil, is mostly related to the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of soybean residue. The main issue to consider is: what is happening to soil nitrogen as that cover crop is decomposing?
Cover crops and nitrogen credits
By: Greg Klinger, Extension educator I was recently asked how growing cover crops can impact the nitrogen credit we give to corn grown after soybeans. This credit, which is often incorrectly assumed to be based on soybean adding nitrogen to the soil, is mostly related to the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of soybean residue. The main issue to consider is: what is happening to soil nitrogen as that cover crop is decomposing?
Fall nitrogen-loss scenarios compared
Not all fall-applied nitrogen sources are equal. Fall-applied anhydrous ammonia behaves differently than fall-applied urea.Anhydrous ammonia is as harmful to microorganisms as it is to people, so the microbes that convert ammonium to nitrate in the soil are typically killed in the area right around the injection band. Those microorganisms will eventually recolonize the injection zone and ammonium will begin converting to nitrate.Urea does not inhibit the activity of the microorganisms.
Fall nitrogen loss: Do these scenarios apply to you?
By Greg Klinger and Anne Struffert University of Minnesota Extension Educators Not all fall-applied nitrogen sources are equal. Fall-applied anhydrous ammonia behaves very differently than fall-applied urea. Anhydrous ammonia is as harmful to microorganisms as it is to people, so the microbes that convert ammonium to nitrate in the soil are typically killed in the area right around the injection band.
Here’s how to assess fall nitrogen loss
By Greg Klinger and Anne Struffert University of Minnesota Extension Educators Substantial nitrogen loss from fall applied fertilizer can happen under a few key conditions: • Warm temperatures (especially above 50°) that increase the activity of nitrifying microorganisms. • A large portion of nitrogen in the soil in the form of nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), usually due to nitrifying microorganisms. Nitrogen loss can also result from a lack of fertilizer to soil contact.
Fall N availability: Do these scenarios apply to you?
Scenario 1 Anhydrous ammonia is fall-applied in early October when soils are at 60?. Soil temperatures don’t drop below 50? for another 3 weeks, and rainfall is 50% above average until the soil freezes. Nitrogen loss is likely to be high in this scenario. Much of the applied nitrogen has converted to nitrate form by November and can move down through the soil with the leaching rainfall. Scenario 2 Anhydrous ammonia is fall-applied in early November when soils are below 50?.
Fall N Availability: Do These Scenarios Apply To You?
This week we’ve been exploring how the nitrogen cycle and rainfall timing affect fall N availability. Keeping this in mind, consider these real-world scenarios on the likelihood of nitrogen loss from fall-applied fertilizer. Anhydrous ammonia is fall-applied in early October when soils are at 60?. Soil temperatures don’t drop below 50? for another 3 weeks, and rainfall is 50% above average until the soil freezes. Nitrogen loss is likely to be high in this scenario.
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