CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Supporting Information Filename Description hec4763-sup-0001-suppl-data.docx62.3 KB Supplementary Material REFERENCES , , , & (2022). Substance possession and school discipline: How substance type and student race/ethnicity affect decisions to suspend. Working paper. , , , , , , , & (2020). Using the PBIS framework to address the opioid crisis in schools. Center on PBIS, University of Oregon.