Haining Jiang

1 Introduction Reservoirs are critical water infrastructure that impound runoff from upstream drainage areas to secure the freshwater supply, regulate runoff variability, and mitigate hydrological extremes (Nilsson et al., 2005). Under the assumption of hydrological stationarity (Milly et al., 2008), dam dimensions, reservoir storage capacity, and water supply potential have traditionally been designed based on the probability distribution of historical runoff (Yu et al., 2026).

1. Introduction As the transmission bandwidth of wireline serial link technology reaches the GHz level, it is no longer possible to ensure efficient signal transmission by simply optimizing the dielectric and layout structure. High-speed serial link systems suffer from serious signal integrity (SI) problems due to the skin effect, dielectric loss, crosstalk, reflections, and jitter; therefore, the SI analysis becomes more and more strict in the design stage of high-speed serial links.