Halema Khan

1 Introduction Idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is a rare disease of unknown etiology, characterized by narrowing of the upper airway that can lead to potentially life-threatening shortness of breath [1]. iSGS affects almost exclusively white females, with the typical age of onset being around 40–60 years [2, 3]. Patients are most commonly treated using endoscopic surgical dilation to re-establish airway patency [2-4].

1 Introduction Idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is a rare disease of unknown etiology, characterized by severe narrowing of the upper airway [1]. The typical age of onset is around 40–60 years, and it affects nearly exclusively white females [2-5]. There are various treatment options for iSGS, including endoscopic dilation and cricotracheal resection [3, 4]. Unfortunately, surgical intervention is not curative for iSGS.

INTRODUCTION Tracheostomies are common surgical procedures used to bypass the upper airway.