Hamideh Khanbareh

1 Introduction The nervous system is the most complex system of the body and controls both sensory and motor functions, which can be divided into the central nervous system (CNS) that is made up of the spinal cord and brain, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which connects the CNS to the rest of the body. Injuries to the CNS and PNS present significant challenges in regenerative medicine, often leading to permanent functional deficits.

1 Introduction Piezoelectricity enables a direct conversion between mechanical energy and electrical energy via the direct and converse piezoelectric effects, respectively. Among the range of available piezoelectric materials, polycrystalline ferroelectric ceramics are widely used in commercial piezoelectric devices since they exhibit a high piezoelectric response and tailored polarization orientation.

1 Introduction Over the past few years, the demand for flexible wearable sensors has grown rapidly, due to the increasing demand for wearable devices in consumer electronics and healthcare services.[ 1, 2 ] The most important component of a functional flexible wearable system is its active functional (sensing, actuating, and energy harvesting) element.[ 3 ] Lead-free piezoelectric material with ABO3 perovskite structure has been the subject of extensive research due to its outstanding...