Hangshu Xiao

1 Introduction Human impacts on natural ecosystems have become nearly ubiquitous, with at least 95% of the global land area experiencing some degree of anthropogenic modification (Kennedy et al. 2019). These human activities have significantly altered wildlife habitats, contributing to global biodiversity loss (Martínez-Ramos et al. 2016; Dirzo et al. 2014) and disrupting essential ecosystem processes and functions (Tobler, Hartley, et al. 2015).