Hanyin Li

1. Introduction The continuous growth of the global population has triggered a global energy crisis [1]. The problems of environmental pollution [2], ecological damage, and climate change [3,4] have become increasingly serious [5]. Biomass, for the sustainable production of chemicals and fuels [6], is extremely abundant in nature [7]. It typically includes crops, crop waste straw, industrial forest waste, and aquatic plants [8].

3. Results and Discussion 3.1. Effect of Solid Content The solid contents of different modified soybean protein adhesives are shown in Table 1. The pure soybean protein adhesive had the lowest solid content at 14.71%. The solid content of an adhesive plays a crucial role in the performance and stability of the plywood. Due to the absorption of water and swelling of proteins, simply adjusting the formulation ratio cannot effectively increase the solid content of protein-based adhesives.

Open AccessArticle by 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,2,*, 1,3, 2,* and 1,* 1 College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China 2 College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China 3 Bureau of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Luanchuan County, Luoyang 471500, China * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.