Haoxiang Hu

Abstract Background: Drug-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents an often overlooked yet potentially severe adverse reaction in clinical practice. Existing evidence predominantly stems from isolated case reports, and systematic investigations based on large-scale real-world data remain limited.

1 Introduction With the rise in global aging, cognitive decline has emerged as a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder affecting a growing number of older individuals. This condition significantly compromises quality of life while imposing heavy economic costs on families and society (Prince et al. 2013). The development of cognitive decline involves a complex interplay of factors, including genetics, lifestyle, and cardiovascular health (Livingston et al. 2017).