Hengqiu Huang

1 Introduction Teleoperation robots, as robot systems remotely controlled by human operators, enable operators to complete tasks without entering the working environment. Therefore, they are widely used in special or extreme environments such as medical care (Nakauchi et al. 2022), nuclear industry (Wang and Yuan 2004), aerospace (Seedhouse and Llanos 2021), etc. A teleoperation robot consists of a leader operator, a communication network, and a follower operator (Oscari et al. 2016).