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AF atrial fibrillation CBA cryoballoon ablation eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate LAVI left atrial volume index LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction NT-proBNP n-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide PFA pulsed-field ablation PV pulmonary vein PVI pulmonary vein isolation RFA radiofrequency ablation 1 Introduction Current guidelines have expanded the indication for PVI in patients with both paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation (AF), and the number of procedures continues...

Discussion The key findings of this study are: Clinical exclusion criteria were more common in men than in women and increased with age. Consequently, fewer men and older patients met the study inclusion criteria compared to women and younger patients. Among eligible patients, women were less likely to participate in the study than men. Participation rates declined with age in both sexes, with younger men showing the highest participation rates.

Pulsed-field ablation (PFA) is a novel nonthermal ablation technology. Its potential value for repeat procedures after unsuccessful thermal ablation for atrial fibrillation has not been assessed. The purpose of this study was to summarize our initial experience with patients undergoing repeat procedures using PFA.