Hongying Wu

1 Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks among the most prevalent malignancies globally, exhibiting both high incidence and mortality rates that contribute to its growing disease burden [1]. Surgery is the main treatment for CRC, and it varies according to tumor location, pathological stage, and operation technique.

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1. Introduction In the last 30 years, there have been several methods for option pricing. For example, the radial basis function (RBF) method for options with a few assets [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]; analytical and semi-analytical methods for simple options [12,13]; finite difference method (FDM) for lower-dimensional option PDEs [14,15,16,17,18]; Monte Carlo simulation for complex options [19,20,21]; and Laplace transform or Mellin transform scheme [16,22,23,24,25] for classical options. Wu et al.