Hsiang-Yin Lin

1 INTRODUCTION Reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling plays an important role in cell cycle regulation in eukaryotic organisms (Burch & Heintz, 2005; Burhans & Heintz, 2009; Chiu & Dawes, 2012; de Simone et al., 2017; Dolzblasz et al., 2016; Ivanova et al., 2021; Tsukagoshi et al., 2010; Yu et al., 2016).

1 INTRODUCTION Gravitropic growth of roots was an important innovation for plants to adapt to the terrestrial environment during the colonization of land (Kenrick & Strullu-Derrien, 2014; Seago & Fernando, 2013). Root gravitropism allows plants to firmly anchor in the ground and enables efficient water and nutrient absorption.

Abstract Glutathione redox cycling is important for cell cycle regulation. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We previously identified a cell-size mutant, suppressor of mat3 15-1 (smt15-1), that has elevated cellular glutathione, increased number of cell divisions, and small daughter cells. Here, we demonstrated that SMT15 is a chloroplast-associated membrane protein that is capable of transporting sulfate.