Hsu-I Mao

1 Introduction Hot-melt adhesives (HMAs) are a class of thermoplastic adhesives that transition into a molten state upon reaching their melting point, enabling rapid bonding and solidification upon cooling. Due to their solvent-free nature, HMAs offer several advantages, including fast processing times, enhanced production efficiency, and environmental friendliness, as they do not emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) [1-5].

Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. References 1, , and , “Review of Conventional and Novel Polymerization Processes for Polyesters,” Progress in Polymer Science 31, no. 11 (2006): 1009–1037. 2, Polyester—Production, Characterization and Innovative Applications (UK: Intechopen, 2018). 3 S. Fakirov, ed., Handbook of Condensation Thermoplastic Elastomers (Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2005).