Hua-Ying Sun

1 Introduction The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) sensu lato (sl) comprises the QTP sensu stricto (ss, or the platform), the Himalaya, and the Hengduan Mountains (Figure 1), represents one of the most biologically diverse and geologically dynamic regions on Earth (Wen et al. 2014; Mao et al. 2021; Wu et al. 2022). This area, known as the “Roof of the World”, has undergone dramatic tectonic uplift and climatic changes since the early Miocene (Guo et al. 2002, 2008; Spicer et al.

1. Introduction The subfamily Labeoninae (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) is a benthic species adapted to the rapid waters in Asia and Africa [1]. This group of fishes possesses an inferior mouth and has developed diverse oral morphology, which make its taxonomy confusing. Past studies of subfamily Labeoninae have been focused on the taxonomy and phylogeny [1,2,3].

Data availability Plastid genome assembles are deposited in GenBank database with accession nos. provided in Table S4. RNA-seq data are deposited in the National Genomic Data Center of the China National Center for Bioinformation (GSA: CRA012426).