Huangda Guo

Graphical Abstract. Overview of the study. CHD, coronary heart disease; CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; GRS, genetic risk score; HR, hazard ratio. IS, ischemic stroke; RERI, relative excess risk due to interaction. Highlights What is new? Our findings indicate that elevated urate, combination of impaired kidney function and raised urate, as well as combination of elevated urate and greater genetic risk significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the world’s most common disorders of gut-brain interaction, presenting with long-term recurrent abdominal pain accompanied by changes in bowel habits, but with no organic disease detected [1]. The global prevalence of IBS was 11.2% [2], affecting individuals’ quality of life and imposing a considerable health and economic burden on society [3].

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