Huiying Gu

1 Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly prevalent malignancy worldwide, ranking as the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths.[1, 2] Metastasis, a pivotal characteristic of HCC, is responsible for treatment failure and high mortality rates.[3] HCC is known for both intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastases, with the lungs being the most common site for extrahepatic dissemination.[4] The limited availability of treatments and the unfavorable prognosis underscore the...

1. Introduction During the evolution of nature, the elephant trunk has proved to be one of the more effective natural works in the field of biodiversity and can perform a variety of functions, such as respiration, olfaction, water spraying, predation, communication, and defense. The inside of the elephant’s long trunk acts as a functional muscular hydraulic regulator, which is so flexible that it allows almost unlimited degrees of freedom of movement [1,2].

This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon. Open AccessArticle by Longfei Sun SciProfiles Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1,2,* and Huiying Gu SciProfiles Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China 2 Science and Technology Development Corporation, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110003, China * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.