Huseyin Uvet

Abstract Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly explored as clinical decision support tools in oncology; however, reliance on isolated metrics has limited the development of multi-dimensional evaluation frameworks. This comparative observational study utilized five stepwise, clinically realistic non-small cell lung cancer scenarios reflecting real-world diagnostic, therapeutic, and follow-up decision-making.

1. Introduction Recent advancements in Lab-on-a-Chip (LoC), micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), and micromixer systems highlight the growing interest in these technologies across engineering, biotechnology, and medicine due to their cost-effectiveness, ease of production, and repeatability [1,2,3]. Microfluidic devices condense traditional laboratory functions into compact chips, enabling detection, mixing, synthesis, and separation at micro- and nano-scales.

1 Introduction Sewer systems are a crucial element of urban infrastructure. They not only transport sewage to processing centers but also reduce flood risk for the cities. However, sewer systems are exposed to harsh conditions such as mixture chemical reaction, excessive traffic, geological change, earthquakes. Pipes may suffer from corrosion, damage, deformation, leakage, siltation, obstruction, and other defects due to long-term deterioration.