Hussein Awad Kurdi

1. Introduction In recent years, the focus on reducing CO2 emissions to combat climate change has increased the interest in using biomass for energy generation. This includes its use in transportation for liquid fuels and electricity production when mixed with coal.

1. Introduction Supersonic flows over aerodynamic shapes, such as wedges, play a pivotal role in modern aerospace engineering and aerodynamics. Understanding the complex flow patterns, shock wave interactions, and aerodynamic performance associated with these configurations is essential for the design and analysis of high-speed aircraft (e.g., electrical aircraft [1]) and space vehicles.