Hyeon Ung Kim

1 Introduction The Indian Ocean is the second-largest tuna fishing region worldwide, accounting for approximately 1.2 million t, or 23%, of the estimated global commercial tuna catch of 5.2 million t in 2023 (ISSF, 2025). This regional tuna industry generates an annual economic value of approximately USD 6.5 billion, representing about 16% of the global market (Lecomte et al., 2017).

Phosphorylcholine-based Encoded Hydrogel Microparticles with Enhanced Fouling Resistance for Multiplex Immunoassays Due to the growing interest in multiplex protein detection, encoded hydrogel microparticles have received attention as a possible path to high performance multiplex immunoassays through a combination of high multiplexing capability and enhanced binding kinetics.

Precipitation-based Colorimetric Multiplex Immunoassay in Hydrogel Particles Despite a growing demand of more accessible diagnostic technologies, current methods struggle to simultaneously detect multiple analytes with acceptable sensitivity and portability. Colorimetric assays have been widely used due to their simplicity of signal readout, but the lack of multiplexibility has been a perpetual constraint.