Hyunmin Daniel Zoh

?Mathematical formulae have been encoded as MathML and are displayed in this HTML version using MathJax in order to improve their display. Uncheck the box to turn MathJax off. This feature requires Javascript. Click on a formula to zoom. ABSTRACT While cool roof technology is well-documented for single-family houses, empirical field evidence from multi-family housing remains limited despite this building type dominating Asian urban residential areas and housing heat-vulnerable populations.

1. Introduction With the increasing focus on climate change, various local governments are implementing climate adaptation measures in urban parks and public spaces [1]. In particular, various water spaces and facilities, which can reduce temperatures on hot summer days, have been introduced [2,3]. Climate change has significant impacts on the health of urban residents; urban parks and green spaces are crucial for responding to these challenges [4].

1. Introduction 1.1. Background and Objectives The impacts of climate change are felt worldwide, with phenomena such as rising average temperatures, increased extreme weather events, water shortages, and poverty manifesting differently across regions, all of which threaten the sustainability of urban environments [1].