Ibrahim Mohsen Selim

Abstract Bone fractures in dogs are common orthopaedic conditions that require accurate diagnosis and rapid intervention. Traditional radiographic interpretation is often time consuming and is subject to variability, emphasizing the need for automated diagnostic tools. This paper represents a deep learning model based on classification of long bone fractures in dogs using medical conventional radiographic images.

1. Introduction Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are wireless networks that operate without fixed infrastructure such as routers or servers. Each device (or node) in the network can act as both a sender and receiver. This allows communication between nodes even if they are not directly connected. MANETs are especially advantageous in scenarios where conventional networks are impractical, including natural disasters, military activities, and isolated or rural locations [1,2].