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FREE with registration! Log in or register to access the full article. References 1. Marmot, M The health gap: the challenge of an unequal world Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015 2. Breilh, J The social determination of health and the transformation of rights and ethics Glob Public Health. 2023; 18, 2193830 3. Kasai, K ∙ Kumakura, Y ∙ Kitanaka, J ∙ et al. Medical compartmentalisation: a patient with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in Japan Lancet. 2025; 406:2314-2315 4.

Paul Edward Farmer died on February 21, 2022, in Butaro, Rwanda (Figure 1). From a childhood living with his family of eight in a converted school bus, he became a prominent public anthropologist, global health physician, and leading medical humanitarian and health justice advocate. Farmer helped build hospitals, medical schools, and community care networks for the poor in numerous countries.